MAMMALIAN AND AVIAN DIVERSITY OF THE NALLAMALA HILLS, ANDHRA PRADESH
C. Srinivasulu and V. Nagulu
Wildlife Biology Section, Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 500007, India
Email: masawa@hd2.dot.net.in
Abstract
The paper briefly reviews the mammalian and avian diversity of the Nallamala Hills (15020'-1603 FN and 78030'-80010' E), Andhra Pradesh. Based on faunal surveys carried out intermittently throughout the study area and published information, the presence of 74 mammals and 302 bird species in this stretch of Eastern Ghats is reported.
Keywords
Diversity, mammals, birds, Nallamala Hills, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh
Introduction
Nallamala Hills stretching across five districts of the state of Andhra Pradesh is renowned for being rich in biodiversity (Rao. 1998). The first of the faunal surveys conducted here dates back to 1930, when Dr. Salim Ali had collected bird specimens from Mananur and Farahabad on the Amrabad Plateau of these hills during the Hyderabad State Ornithological Survey (Ali 1933a, b, c; 19' )4a, b). From avian point of view further surveys were carried out by members of the Birdwatchers Society of Andhra Pradesh (Aasheesh Pittie, pers. comm.), and the research team at the Zoology Department of Osmania University (Rao et al., 1997; Srinivasulu & Rao, 1999). Excepting, a few faunal surveys carried out by Zoological
Survey of India (Murthy, 1968, 1986; Sharma. 1971 -. Agrawal & Bhattacharya, 1976) and by the Forest Department, no scientific documentation of mammalian and avian fauna was done until recently. Nagulu et al. (1998) gave an account of these in the context of Eastern Ghats in general.
We have been regularly monitoring the mammalian and avian diversity of the Nallamala Hills, especially along the tracts encompassed by Nagarjunasagar Srisaliam Tiger Reserve (3568 km2) and Gundla Brahmeshwararn Wildlife Sanctuary (1198 kM2).
Intermittent faunal surveys in the Nallamala Hills have been an on going task since 1990 by researchers of our department. The senior author had carried out systematic studies on mammalian and avifaunal diversity between March 1996 to November 2000, while studying ungulate behaviour for his doctoral research. Published documents, and information gathered from officials of the Project Tiger, Forest Department and tribals (Chenchus) has also been relied upon. This article briefly reviews the mammalian and avian diversity of the Nallamala Hills.
Study area
Nallamala (15020'- 1613 FN and 78130'-80010'E) is a group of low hill ranges in the central part of Eastern Ghats (Fig. I ). From the Palnad basin in the north to the Tirupati basin in the south, the Nallamala runs a distance of 430km with an average width of 30km (Anon, 1965). An unbroken chain of rugged hills With precipitous cliffs encompassing an area of about 7640 km2 forms the range. The vegetation is typically of southern tropical dry deciduous and southern tropical moist deciduous forest types intermingled with scrub (Champion & Seth. 1968). The climate is generally hot and dry with temperatures rising up to 430C to 450C during May and dips down to 80C in December. Average rainfall in this region is between 900 and 1000mm.
Methodology
Mammalian fauna was recorded either by direct sightings or by the presence of indirect evidence. Footprints, droppings, and kills (both by predator and road) were carefully analysed. Mammals were categorised to be common (fairly well distributed and sighted, or evidence recorded once a day), uncommon (fairly well distributed and sighted, or evidence recorded once a week, occasional (restricted distribution and sighted, or evidence recorded infrequently), and rare (fewer than 10 sightings, or evidence recorded, or single sight records either by us, or reliable sources).
Survey of birds was carried regularly from March 1996 to February 2000, to ensure that all months of the year were covered. Bird records were done following imaginary grid method and line transect method as outlined by Gaston (1973). Identification was based on Ali and Ripley (1983) and Ali (1996). Based on the number of sightings and occurrence of a given species, their status was assigned. Birds were considered to be common (encountered daily in relatively large numbers), uncommon (encountered daily but in few numbers), occasional (encountered occasionally in less numbers, or singly) or rare (encountered less than 15 times in a year). Scientific names and taxonomic classification of birds is after Inskipp et al. (1996) and common names after Manakadan et al. (1998).
Results and Discussion
The mammalian diversity of this region is represented by 74 species belonging to 28 families of nine orders (Table 1). Maximum number of species recorded or reported to occur in the Nallarnala Hills belonged to order Chiroptera (24 species) and was followed by orders Carnivora (20 species) and Rodentia (12 species). The known rodents from this area being so less in number calls for collection of specimens in future to have a complete picture of the small mammalian diversity here. The Nallarnala mammals represent about 20% of the Indian and 2% of the world mammalian diversity.
Of the total mammalian diversity recorded to occur here, 55.4% (41 species) are common, 27.02% (20 species) are uncommon, 12.16% (9 species) are occasional and 5.4% (4 species) are rare in occurrence. Among the mammalian species reported by us in the Nallamala Hills, 69 species (93.24%) were sighted during the study period, and about 4.3% Q species) are based on indirect evidence. The presence of five species (6.75%) of mammals that were not recorded by us during the present study, is reported on account of reliable information. These interesting mammalian records are: Madras Hedgehog Hemiechinus nudiventris, Wolf Canis lupus, Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata; Asiatic Wild Cat Felis sylvestris ornata and Indian Muntjak Muntiacus muntjac (Tulsi Rao, pers. comm.).
Some of the infrequently sighted species that deserve mention are the Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata (along the selected stretch of Krishna River), Rate] Mellivora capensis (more on the south of bank of Krishna River along the Pecheruvu and Gundla Brahmeshwararn Plateaus), and Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (recorded once on the banks of Gundlakamma River on the Gundla Brahmeshwararn Plateau). The Chinkara Ga:ella bennetti is found in the open tracts along the Krishna River on the Amrabad Plateau, while the Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra is reported only from Ganjivaripalle environs.
The species of the monotypic genera of mammals occurring in the Nallamala are Indian Tree Shrew Anathana ellioti (Scadentia), Indian Wild Dog Cuon alpinus, Sloth Bear ,Velursus ursinus, Rate 1, Hyena Hyaena hyaena. Small Indian Civet Vivvericula indica (Carnivora), Blackbuck, Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus, Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis (Artiodactyla) and Indian Bush Rat Golunda ellioti (Rodentia). Of the threatened species, the endangered ones that are found in the Nallamala are Tiger Panthera tigris, Ratel. Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Rao et al., 1999). and Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis, which is densely populated on the Gundla Brahmeshwaram Plateau. The species that are endemic to the peninsular India and are thriving on the Nallamala Hills are Indian Tree Shrew (Scadentia), Bonnet Macaque Macaca radiata (Primates), and Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica (Rodentia).
Complete representation of smaller mammals occurring in the Nallamala Hills might have not been covered in the present study. As a result many smaller forms, especially those belonging to orders Insectivora, Chiroptera and Rodentia are poorly represented in this study. Careful scrutiny of the relevant published material revealed the historic presence of many species that were not reported in the recent times. Among the chiropterans, Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat Rhinopoma beddomei and Andersen's Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros pomona are such examples which were earlier collected from the Nallamala Hills (Bates & Harrison, 1996) but the present day status remains unknown.
The avian diversity of the Nallamala Hills is represented by a total of 302 species belonging to 17 orders and 53 families (Table 2). Passerines represented by 125 species belonging to 20 families contribute to about 41.4% of the bird diversity. Among the non-passerines maximum representation were that of waders (Charadriiforines, 6 families and 29 species) and diurnal raptors; (Falconiformes, 2 families, 26 species). Other orders represented in significant numbers of species are Anserifortnes (2 family, 15 species). Ciconiiformes Q families, 17 species), Gruiiformes (3 families, 14 species). Coraciiformes (7 families, 12 species) Galliformes (I family, I I species), and Columbiformes (2 families, 11 species).
Of the total diversity. 48.67% (147 species) are common. 32.45% (98 species) are uncommon, 12.25% (37 species) are occasional and 6.62% (20 species) are rare in abundance. Of the resident bird diversity of 189 species. 91.531% are confirmed residents, while the rest are resident migrants. Among the migrants represented by 101 species (contributing .33.44% of the total diversity) most are winter migrants (73 species. 72.27%) followed by seasonal local migrants (23 species. 22.77%) and local migrants (5 species, 4.95%). Twelve species (3.97% of the total diversity) are considered to be vagrant or stragglers to this area. Of the total diversity 136 species (45.03%) are confirmed breeders while about 41 species (1 31.57%) probably breed here.
Ali (1933a, b, c;19314a. b) has reported sighting of 127 species of birds on Amrabad Plateau from Mananur and Farahabad localities between 3-20 October, 193 1, of which 12' ) birds were recorded during the present study. Species reported by Ali that were conspicuously absent here and elsewhere in the Nallarnala Hills are Eurasian Griffon-Vulture Gypsfilvus (reported to be common then), Indian Trogon Harpactesfasciatus (one sighted on 12 October, 1931 on Uma Maheshwara Plateau near Mananur), Nilgiri Wood Pigeon Columba elphinstonii (Ali, (I 934b) mentions catching a glimpse of it in the forest around Mananur), and Greenish Warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides nitidus and P. t. viridanus). It is possible that the la§t species might have been possibly overlooked or confused with other species of Phylloscopus. Some of the interesting records of the present study are reporting of sighting of White-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus, White Stork Ciconia ciconia along the Madras Canal near Veligode, Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta on the Amrabad Plateau julsi Rao, pers. comm.), Indian Pied Hombi I] Anthracoceros coronatus near Peddarutla on the Right Bank of Nagarjunasagar Srisailarn Tiger Reserve (Harsha Reddy, pers. comm.), Yellow-throated Bulbul near Uma Maheshawararn (Aasheesh Pittie, pers, comm.) and from two other sites, namely Rollapenta and Pedda Manthanala on the right bank of Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve (Srinivasulu in prep.), Yellow-browed Bulbul from Unta Maheshwaram (Srinivasulu & Rao. 2000), Little Pied Flycatcher Ficedula westermanni from Gundla Brahmeshwararn Plateau (Srinivasulu, in press), and White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus from Farahabad on Amrabad Plateau (Rao et al.,1997) and Rudrakode area of Gundla Brahmcshwaram Wildlife Sanctuary.
The species of the monotypic genera of birds occurring in the Nallamala are Anastomus oscitans (Ciconiformes), Rhodsonessa rufina (Anseriformes), Butastus teesa (Falcon i formes), Hydrophasianus chirurps and Metopidius indicus (Charadriiforines).
Threats
The once dense and secure forest of Nallamala is under severe threat due to habitat destruction, livestock pressure and biotic interference. Human greed has taken its toll and the aftereffects of the same is reflected by the deserted look of the forest especially across the Amrabad plateau. Rapid developmental activities are underway jeopardizing biotic integrity and sustenance of floral and faunal components. The northern part of the Nallamala Hills, especially that north of Krishna River failing in the districts of Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda, has been Greatly affected by anthropogenic and biotic pressure, while the central and southern regions are relatively better. Mana-ement intervention should ensure checking of illegal entry. livestock pressure, poaching, tree felling. etc. to ensure conservation priorities and sustenance of sylvan tribal population. The treasure-chest will soon be empty without timely conservation measures.
Acknowledgments
We express our heartfelt gratitude Prof. J.V. Ramana Rao for guidance and encouragement. We are thankful to the Head Department of Zoology, Osmania University. Hyderabad and Shri T. Rainakrishna. IFS, Chief Wildlife Warden and Conservator of Forests (Wildlife Management), Andhra Pradesh Forest Department for permission. We thank immensely, Field Directors Project Tiger: Assistant Directors NSTR; Mr. K. Tulsi Rao (ACF, Biodiversity. NSTR): Mr. Aasheesh Pittie; Dr. V. Vasudeva Rao-, Mr. Harsha Reddy for their help in many ways and sharing information. We acknowledge the financial assistance by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.'New Delhi to the first author and, the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department (A. P. Forestry Project), Government of Andhra Pradesh to the latter.
References
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Ali, S. (1933a). The Hyderabad State Ornithological Survey. Part 1. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36(2): 356-390.
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Ali, S. (I 933c). The Hyderabad State Ornithological Survey. Part 3. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36(4): 898-419.
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Ali, S. (1934b). The Hyderabad State Ornithological Survey. Part 5. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society37(2): 425-4:54.
Ali, S. (1996). The Book of Indian Birds. Revised and Enlarged Edition. The Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, Mumbai.
Ali, S. and S.D. Ripley (1983). .4 Pictorial Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent. Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University, Press. Mumbai.
Anon. (1965). The Gazetteer of India -Indian Union. Vol I. Country and People. Publications Division. Govt. of India. New Delhi.
Bates, P.J.J. and D.L. Harrison (1997). Buts of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum. Kent. xk-358pp.
Champion, H.G. and S.K. Seth (1968). A revised survey of Forest types of India, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
Gaston, A.J. (1973). Methods for estimating bird populations. Journal Bombay Natural History Society 72(2): 272-281.
Inskipp, T., N. Lindsey and W. Duckworth (1996). An Annotated Checklist of the Birds of the Oriental Region. Oriental Bird Club. United Kingdom.
Manakadan, R., J.C. Daniel, A.R. Rahmani, M. Inamdar and G. Ugra(1998). Standardized English common names of the birds of the Indian sub continent - a proposal. Buceros 3(2): 55.
Murthy T.S.N. (1968). Notes on the collection of amphibians from Nagarjuna Valley, (Andhra Pradesh) with one new record. Journal of the University of Poona 34: 63-71.
Murthy, T.S.N. (1986). Lizards of Kurnool District. Bulletin of 11ar-1 -land Herpetological Society 22(3): 134-143.
Nagulu, V, V.V. Rao and C. Srinivasulu (1998). Biodiversity of select habitats in Eastern Ghat regions of Andhra Pradesh. In: The Eastern Ghats Proceedings of the National Seminar on Conservation of Eastern Ghats.1larch -14-26, 1998. 6-35.
Nameer. P.O. (1998). Checklist of Indian Manunals. Kerala Forest Department (Wildlife Wine) and Kerala Agricultural University, 90-xxvpp.
Rao, R.K. (1998). Nallamalai Hills: among world centres of plant diversity. In: The Eastern Ghats Proceedings of the National Seminar on Conservation of Eastern Ghats. March24-26. 1998.317-321.
Rao, T.K., D. Sudhakar, V.V. Rao, V. Nagulu and C. Srinivasulu (1999). Rust spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (I Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire. 1831): A new" record for Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve. Andhra Pradesh. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 96(3): 463-464.
Rao, V.V.V. Nagulu, M. Anjaneyulu, B. Srinivasulu, C. Srinivasulu and J. V. R. Rao (1997). Status of avifauna of Rajiv Gandhi National Park. Andhra Pradesh. India, Pavo 35(1&2): 85100.
Ripley, S.D. (1982). A Synopsis of Birds of India and Pakistan. Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay.
Sharma, R.C. (1971). The reptile fauna of Nagarjunasagar dam area (Andhra Pradesh. India). Records of the Zoological Survey of India 63(1-4) 77-93.
Srmivasulu, C. (in prep.). Site records of Yellow-throated Bulbul Pycnonotus xantholaenius in the Nallamala Hills. Eastern Ghats. Andhra Pradesh.
Srinivasulu, C. (in press). Sight record of Little Pied Flycatcher Yuscicapa (Ficedula) westermanni in Andhra Pradesh. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society.
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Srinivasulu, C. and VX Rao (2000). Occurrence of the Yellow browed Bulbul Hipsipetes indicus (Jerdon) in the Nalamalla Hills. AndhraPradesh. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 97(1): 144-145.
Table 1. Mammalian Diversity of the Nallamala Hills, Eastern Ghats
|
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
A |
R |
|||
|
Insectivora |
||||||
|
Ennaceiclae |
||||||
|
Madras Hedgehog |
Hemiechinus nudiventris |
R |
3 |
|||
|
Soricidae |
||||||
|
Musk Rat |
Suncus murinus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Scadentia |
||||||
|
Tupaiidae |
||||||
|
South Indian (Madras) Tree Shrew |
Anathana ellioti |
UC |
1 |
|||
|
Chiroptera |
||||||
|
Pteropodidae |
||||||
|
Fulvous Fruit Bat |
Rousettus leschnaulti |
U C |
1 |
|||
|
Indian Flying Fox |
Pteropus giganteus |
U C |
1,2 |
|||
|
Short-nosed Fruit Bat |
Cynopterus sphinx |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Rhinopomatidae |
||||||
|
Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat |
Rhinopoma hardwickii |
U C |
1,2 |
|||
|
Emballonuridae |
||||||
|
Long-winged Tomb Bat |
Taphozous longimanus |
U C |
1,2 |
|||
|
Black-bearded Tomb Bat |
Taphozous melanopogon |
U C |
1,2 |
|||
|
Naked-rumped Tomb Bat |
Taphozous nudiventris |
O |
1 |
|||
|
Egyptian Tomb Bat |
Taphozous perforatus |
O |
1 |
|||
|
Megadermatidae |
||||||
|
Greater False Vampire |
Megaderma Iyra |
C |
1,2 |
|||
|
Lesser False Vampire |
Megaderma spasma |
O |
1 |
|||
|
Rhinolophidae |
||||||
|
Rufous Horseshoe Bat |
Rhinolophus rouxii |
C |
1,2 |
|||
|
Hipposideridae |
||||||
|
Fulvus Leaf-nosed Bat |
Hipposideros fulvus |
O |
1 |
|||
|
Kelaart's Leaf-nosed Bat |
Hipposideros lankadiva |
O |
1 |
|||
|
Schneiders Leaf-nosed Bat |
Hipposideros speoris |
U C |
1,2 |
|||
|
Molossidae |
||||||
|
Egyptian Free-tailed Bat |
Tadarida aegyptiaca |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Vespertilionidae |
||||||
|
Tickell's Bat |
Hesperoptenus tickelli |
U C |
1 |
|||
|
Painted Bat |
Kerivoula picta |
U C |
1 |
|||
|
Schreiber's Long-fingered Bat |
Miniopterus schreibersii |
U C |
1 |
|||
|
Kelaart's Pipistrelle |
Pipistrellus ceylonicus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Little Indian Bat |
Pipistrellus coromandra |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Dormer's Bat |
Pipistrellus dormeri |
R |
1 |
|||
|
Least Pipistrelle |
Pipistrellus tenuis |
C |
1,2 |
|||
|
Asiatic Greater Yellow House Bat |
Scotophillus heathii |
U C |
1,2 |
|||
|
Asiatic Lesser Yellow House Bat |
Scotophillus kuhlii |
U C |
1,2 |
|||
|
Primates |
||||||
|
Cercopithecidae |
||||||
|
Rhesus Macaque |
Macaca mulatta |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Bonnet Macaque |
Macaca radiate |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Common (Hanuman) Langur |
Semnoohecus entellus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Carnivora |
||||||
|
Canidae |
||||||
|
Golden Jackal |
Canis aureus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Wolf |
Canis lupus |
O |
3 |
|||
|
Dhole Indian Wild Dog |
Cuon alpinus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Bengal (Indian) Fox |
Vulpes bengalensis |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Ursidae |
||||||
|
Sloth Bear |
Melursus ursinus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Mustelidae |
||||||
|
Smooth-coated Otter |
Lutrogale perspicillata |
U C |
1,3 |
|||
|
Ratel (Honey Badger) |
Mellivora capensis |
U C |
1,3 |
|||
|
Viverridae |
||||||
|
Common Palm Civet |
Paradoxurus hemaphroditus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Small Indian Civet |
Viverricula indica |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Hespertidae |
||||||
|
Grey (Common) Mongoose |
Herpestes edwardsii |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Small Indian Mongoose |
Herpestes javanicus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Ruddy Mongoose |
Herpestes smithii |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Hyaenidae |
||||||
|
Striped Hyaena |
Hyaena hyaena |
0 |
1 |
|||
|
Felidae |
||||||
|
Jungle Cat |
Felis chaus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Desert (Wild) Cat |
Felis silvestris |
R |
3 |
|||
|
Leopard Cat |
Prionailurus bengalensis |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Rusty-spotted Cat |
Prionailurus rubiginosus |
R |
1 |
|||
|
Fishing Cat |
Prionailurus viverrinus |
0 |
1,3 |
|||
|
Leopard |
Panthera pardus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Tiger |
Panthera tigris |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Artiodactyla |
||||||
|
Suidae |
||||||
|
Wild Boar |
Sus scrofa critatus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Traqulidae |
||||||
|
Indian Chevrotain |
Moschiola merrinna |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Cervidae |
||||||
|
Spotted Deer |
Axis axis |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Sambar |
Cervus unicolor |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Indian Muntjak |
Muntiacus muntjak |
UC |
3 |
|||
|
Bovidae |
||||||
|
Blackbuck |
Antilope cervicapra |
UC |
1 |
|||
|
Bluebull |
Boselaphus tragocamelus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Indian Gazelle |
Gazella bennetti |
UC |
1 |
|||
|
Four-horned Antelope |
Tetracerus quadncomis |
UC |
1 |
|||
|
Pholidota |
||||||
|
Manidae |
||||||
|
Indian Pangolin |
Manis crassicaudata |
O |
3 |
|||
|
Rodentia |
||||||
|
Sciuridae |
||||||
|
Indian (Three striped) Palm |
Funambulus palmarum |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Squirrel |
||||||
|
Northern (Five-striped) Palm |
Funambulus pennantii |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Squirrel |
||||||
|
Indian Giant Squirrel |
Ratufa indica |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Muridae |
||||||
|
Indian Gerbill |
Tatera indica |
UC |
1 |
|||
|
Indian Bush Rat |
Golunda ellioti |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Soft-furred Field Rat |
Millardia meltada |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Brown Rat |
Rattus norvegicus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
House Rat |
Rattus rattus |
C |
1 |
|||
|
House Mouse |
Mus muscuius |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Little Indian Field Mouse |
Mus booduga |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Lesser Bandicoot-rat |
Bandicota bengalensis |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Greater Bandicoot-rat |
Bandicota indica |
U C |
1 |
|||
|
Hystricidae |
||||||
|
Indian Crested Porcupine |
Hystrix indica |
C |
1 |
|||
|
Lagomorpha |
||||||
|
Leporidae |
||||||
|
Indian Hare |
Lepus nigricollis |
C |
1 |
|||
Abn Abundance; Rem Remarks
C- Common, UC Uncommon; O- Occasional; R-Rare
1,2 Species that were collected or recorded by earlier workers (especially the chiropterans);
1,3 Species that were reported to occur, not sighted during the present survey, but indirect evidence observed;
3 Species reported to occur by reliable source, not recorded during the present study.
Common names also follow Nameer (1998).
Table 2. Avifaunal diversity of the Nallamala Hills, Eastem Ghats
|
Common name |
Scientific name |
Abn |
Status |
|||
|
Podicipitiformes |
||||||
|
Podicpedidae |
||||||
|
Little Grebe |
Tachybaptus ruficollis* (5) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Pelecaniformes |
||||||
|
Phalacrocoracidae |
||||||
|
Great Cormorant |
Phalacrocorax carbo (26) |
R |
SLM |
|||
|
Indian Cormorant |
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis (27) |
O |
SLM |
|||
|
Little Cormorant |
Phalacrocorax niger (28) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Darter |
Anhinga rufa (29) |
O |
SLM |
|||
|
Ciconiiformes |
||||||
|
Ardeidae |
||||||
|
Grey Heron |
Ardea cinerea (35) |
C |
LM, Br |
|||
|
Purple Heron |
Ardea purpurea (37) |
C |
LM, Br? |
|||
|
Indian Pond-Heron |
Ardeola grayii (42) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Cattle Egret |
Bubulcus ibis (44) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Great Egret |
Casmerodius albus (45) |
U C |
Res |
|||
|
Intermediate Egret |
Mesophoyx intermedia (47) |
C |
Res |
|||
|
Little Egret |
Egretta garzetta (49) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Black-crowned Night- |
Nycticorax nycticorax (52) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Heron |
||||||
|
Cinnamon Bittern |
Ixobrychus cinnamoaws (56) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Yellow Bittern |
Ixobrychus sinensis (57) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Ciconiidae |
||||||
|
Painted Stork |
Mycteria leucocephala (60) |
C |
SLM |
|||
|
Asian Open-billed Stork |
Anastomus oscitans (61) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
White-necked Stork |
Ciconia episcoups (62) |
O |
SLM |
|||
|
White Stork |
Ciconia ciconia (63) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Threskiomithidae |
||||||
|
Asian White Ibis |
Threskiormis melanocephalus*(69) |
O |
SLM |
|||
|
Black Ibis |
Pseudibis papillosa (70) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Eurasian Spoonbill |
Platalea leucorodia (72) |
U C |
SLM |
|||
|
Anseriformes |
||||||
|
Anatidae |
||||||
|
Bar-headed Goose |
Anserindicus (82) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Ruddy Shelduck |
Tadoma ferruginea (90) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Northern Pintail |
Anas acuta (93) |
C |
WM |
|||
|
Common Teal |
Anas crecce (94) |
C |
WM |
|||
|
Spot-billed Duck |
Anas poecilorhyncha* (97) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Gadwall |
Anas strepera (101) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Eurasian Wigeon |
Anas penelope (103) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Garganey |
Anas querquedula (104) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Northern Shoveller |
Anas clypeata (105) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Red-crested Pochard |
Rhodonessa rufina (107) |
U |
WIVI |
|||
|
Common Pochard |
Aythya fenna (108) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Tufted Pochard |
Aythya fuligula (111) |
R |
W M |
|||
|
Cotton Pygmy-Goose |
Nettapus coromandelianus(114) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Comb Duck |
Sarkidiornis melanotos* (115) |
O |
SLM |
|||
|
Dendrocygnidae |
||||||
|
Lesser Whistling Duck |
Dendrocygnajavanica* (88) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Falconiformes |
||||||
|
Accipitridae |
||||||
|
Black-shouldered Kite |
Elanus caeruleus (124) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Oriental Honey Buzzard |
Pernis ptilorhynchus* (130) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Black Kite |
Milvus migrans* (133) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Brahminy Kite |
Haliasturindus*(135) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Shikra |
Accipiterbadius* (138) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Crested Goshawk |
Accipiter trivirgatus (144) |
R |
V |
|||
|
LongAegged Buzzard |
Buteo rufinus (153) |
O |
V |
|||
|
White-eyed Buzzard |
Butastur teesa* (157) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Changeable Hawk-Eagle |
Spizaetus cirrhatus (161) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Tawny Eagle |
Aquila rapax (168) |
C |
Res. Br? |
|||
|
Greater Spotted Eagle |
Aquila clanga (170) |
R |
V |
|||
|
Greater Grey-headed |
lchthyophaga icthyaetus (175) |
R |
V |
|||
|
Fish-Eagle |
||||||
|
Red-headed Vulture |
Sarcogyps calvus* (178) |
O |
LM |
|||
|
Long-billed Vulture |
Gyps indicus* (182) |
U C |
L M |
|||
|
Indian White-backed |
Gyps bengalensis* (185) |
U C |
LM, Br? |
|||
|
Vulture |
||||||
|
Egyptian Vulture |
Neophron percnopterus* (187) |
U C |
Res Br? |
|||
|
Pallid Harrier |
Circus macrourus; (190) |
U C |
W M |
|||
|
Pied Harrier |
Circus melanoleucos (192) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Eurasian Marsh Harrier |
Circus aeruginosus (193) |
U C |
WIVI |
|||
|
Short-toed Snake-Eagle |
Circaetus gallicus (195) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Crested Serpent-Eagle |
Spilormis cheela (196) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Osprey |
Pandion haliaetus (203) |
U C |
Res? |
|||
|
Falconidae |
||||||
|
Lagger Falcon |
Falco jugger(208) |
O |
SLM |
|||
|
Peregrine Falcon |
Falco peregrinus (211) |
O |
Res? |
|||
|
Red-headed Falcon |
Falco chicquera (219) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Common Kestrel |
Falco tinnunculus (224) |
C |
WM |
|||
|
Galliformes |
||||||
|
Phasianidae |
||||||
|
Painted Francolin |
Francolinus pictus* (241) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Grey Francolin |
Francolinus pondicerianus*(246) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Common Quail |
Cotumix cotumix (250) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Rain Quail |
Cotumix coromandelica (252) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Blue-breasted Quail |
Cotumix chinensis (253) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Jungle Bush-Quail |
Perdicula asiatica (255) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Rock Bush-Quail |
Perdicuia argoondah (260) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Red Spurfowl |
Galloperdix spadicea* (275) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Painted Spurfowl |
Galloperdix lunulata (278) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Grey Junglefowl |
Gallus sonneratti (301) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Indian Peafowl |
Pavo cristatus* (311) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Gruiformes |
||||||
|
Tumicidae |
||||||
|
Small Bustardquail |
Turnix sylvatica (313) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Yellow-legged Buttonquail |
Turnix tanki (314) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Barred Bustardquail |
Turnix suscitator* (318) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Gruidae |
||||||
|
Common Crane |
Grus grus (320) |
R |
V |
|||
|
DemoiselleCrane |
Grus virgo |
R |
V |
|||
|
Rallidae |
||||||
|
Water Rail |
Rallus aquaticus (328) |
R |
V |
|||
|
Baillon's Crake |
Porzana pusilla (337) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Ruddy-breasted Crake |
Porzana fusca (340) |
O |
SLM |
|||
|
Brown Crake |
Amauromis akool (342) |
O |
V |
|||
|
White-breasted Waterhen |
Amaurornis phoenicurus (343) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Watercock |
Gallicrex cinerea (346) |
R |
Res? |
|||
|
Common Moorhen |
Gallinula chloropus (347) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Purple Swamphen |
Porphyno porphyrio (349) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Common Coot |
Fulica atra (350) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Charaddiformes |
||||||
|
Jacanidae |
||||||
|
Pheasant-tailed Jacana |
Hydrophasianus chirurgus(358) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Bronze-winged Jacana |
Metopidius indicus (359) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Charaddidae |
||||||
|
Red-wattled Lapwing |
Vanellus indicus* (366) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Yellow-wattied Lapwing |
Vanellus malabaricus* 370) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Little Ringed Plover |
Charadnus dubius (380) |
C |
Res, Br'? |
|||
|
Kentish Plover |
Charadrius alexandrinus (381) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Scolopacidae |
||||||
|
Spotted Redshank |
Tringa erythropus (392) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Common Redshank |
Tringa totanus (393) |
UC, |
WM |
|||
|
Marsh Sandpiper |
Tringa stagnatilis* (395) |
R |
WM |
|||
|
Common Green Shank |
Tringa nebularia (396) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Green Sandpiper |
Tringa ochropus (397) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Wood Sandpiper |
Tringa glareola (398) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Common Sandpiper |
Tringa actitis* (401) |
C |
WM |
|||
|
Wood Snipe |
Gallinago nemoricola (405) |
R |
V |
|||
|
Pin-tailed Snipe |
Gallinago stenura (406) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Common Snipe |
Gaffinago gallinago (409) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Jack Snipe |
Limnocryptes minimus (410) |
R |
V |
|||
|
Little Stint |
Calidris minuta (416) |
C |
WM |
|||
|
Temminck's Stint |
Calidris temminckii (417) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Black-winged Stilt |
Himantopus himantopus (430) |
C |
SLM |
|||
|
Pied Avocet |
Recurvirostra avosetta (432) |
R |
V |
|||
|
Burhinidae |
||||||
|
Stone Curlew |
Burbinus oedicnernus (436) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Great Thick-knee |
Esacus recurvirostfis (437) |
U C |
Res? |
|||
|
Glareolidae |
||||||
|
Indian Courser |
Cursorius coromandelicus(440) |
C |
Res, B? |
|||
|
Small Pratincole |
Glareola lactea (444) |
UC |
Res? |
|||
|
Laridae |
||||||
|
Brown-headed Gull |
Larus brunnicephalus (454) |
UC |
WM |
|||
|
Whiskered Tern |
Chlidonias hybridus (458) |
C |
W M |
|||
|
River Tern |
Sterna aurantia (463) |
C |
Res, BO |
|||
|
Black-bellied Tern |
Stema acuticauda (470) |
UC |
SLM |
|||
|
Columbiformes |
||||||
|
Pteroclididae |
||||||
|
Indian Sandgrouse |
Pterocles exustus (487) |
UC |
SLIM |
|||
|
Painted Sandgrouse |
Pterocles indicus (492) |
UC |
SLM |
|||
|
Columbidae |
||||||
|
Yellow-legged Green |
Treron phoenicoptera* (504) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Pigeon |
||||||
|
Green Imperial-Pigeon |
Ducula aenea* (507) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Rock Pigeon |
Columba livia* (517) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Oriental Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia orientalis (533) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Eurasian Collared-Dove |
Streptopelia decaocto* (534) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Red Collared-Dove |
Streptopelia tranquebarica (535) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis* (537) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Laughing Dove |
Streptopelia senegalensis*(541) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Emerald Dove |
Chalcophaps indica (542) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Psittaciformes |
||||||
|
Psittacidae |
||||||
|
Alexandrine Parakeet |
Psittacula eupatria* (545) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Rose-ringed Parakeet |
Psfitacula krameri* (550) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Plum-headed |
Psiffacula cyanocepahala (558) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Parakeet |
||||||
|
Cuculiformes |
||||||
|
Cuculidae |
||||||
|
Pied Cuckoo |
Clamator jacobinus* (570) |
C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Indian Hawk-Cuckoo |
Hierococcyx varius* (573) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Indian Cuckoo |
Cuculus micropterus (576) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Grey-bellied Cuckoo |
Cacomantis passerinus* (584) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Asian Koel |
Eudynamys scolopacea* (590) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Blue faced Malkoha |
Phaenicophaeus viridirostris*(595) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Sirkeer Malkoha |
Phaenicophaeus leshenaultii(598) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Greater Coucal |
Centropus sinensis* (602) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Strigiformes |
||||||
|
Strgidae |
||||||
|
Eurasian Collared |
Otus bakkamoena* (622) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Scops-Owl |
||||||
|
Eagle-Owl |
Bubo bubo (627) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Brown Fish-Owl |
Ketupa zeylonensis (631) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Jungle Owlet |
Glaucidium radiatum* (636) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Brown Hawk-Owl |
Ninox scutulata (642) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Spotted Owlet |
Athene brama* (652) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Mottled Wood-Owl |
Strix ocellata (657) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Brown Wood-Owl |
Strix leptogrammica (660) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Short-eared Owl |
Asio flammeus (664) |
R |
WM |
|||
|
Tytonidae |
||||||
|
Barn Owl |
Tyto alba (606) |
U C |
Res, Br ?. |
|||
|
Capirimulgiformes |
||||||
|
Caprimulgidae |
||||||
|
Grey Nightjar |
Caprimulgus indicus (671) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Jerdon's Nightjar |
Caprimulgus atripennis (676) |
O |
Res? |
|||
|
Indian Nightjar |
Caprimulgus asiaticus* (680) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Apodiformes |
||||||
|
Apodidae |
||||||
|
Alpine Swift |
Tachymarptis melba (693) |
U C |
SLM |
|||
|
House Swift |
Apus affinis* (703) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Asian Palm-Swift |
Cypsiurus balasiensis (707) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Hemiprocnidae |
||||||
|
Crested Tree-swift |
Hemiprocne coronata (709) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Corachformes |
||||||
|
Alcedinidae |
||||||
|
Small Blue Kingfisher |
Alcedo atthis (723) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Cerylidae |
||||||
|
Lesser Pied Kingfisher |
Ceryle rudis (719) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Dacelonidae |
||||||
|
Stork-billed Kingfisher |
Halcyon capensis (730) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
White-throated Kingfisher |
Halcyon smymensis (735) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Meropidae |
||||||
|
Chestnutheaded |
Merops leschenauffii (744) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Bee-eater |
||||||
|
Blue-tailed Bee-eater |
Merops philippinus (748) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Green Bee-eater |
Merops odentalis* (750) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Blue-bearded Bee-eater |
Nyctyornis athertoni (753) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Coradidae |
||||||
|
Indian Roller |
Coracias benghalensis* (755) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Upupidae |
||||||
|
Common Hoopoe |
Upupa epops* (763) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Bucerctndae |
||||||
|
Indian Grey Hombill |
Ocyceros birostris* (767) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Indian Pied Hombill |
Anthracoceros coronatus (775) |
R |
Res? |
|||
|
Piciformes |
||||||
|
Capitonidae |
||||||
|
Brown-headed Barbet |
Megalairria zeylanica* (780) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Coppersmith Barbet |
Megalaima haemacephala*(792) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Picidae |
||||||
|
Eurasian Wryneck |
Jynx torquilla (796) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Streak-throated |
Picus xanthopygaeus (808) |
U C |
Res? |
|||
|
Woodpecker |
||||||
|
Lesser Yellow-naped |
Picus chlorolophus (816) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Woodpecker |
||||||
|
Black-rumped Flame- |
Dricourri benghalense* (819) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
backed Woodpecker |
||||||
|
Yellow-crowned |
Dendrocopos mahraftensis* (847) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Woodpecker |
||||||
|
Brown-capped |
Dendrooppos nanus* (852) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Woodpecker |
||||||
|
Black-shouldered |
Chrysocolaptes festivus (858) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Woodpecker |
||||||
|
Passeriformes |
||||||
|
Pitidae |
||||||
|
Indian Pita |
Pitta brachyura* (867) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Alaudidae |
||||||
|
Madras Bush Lark |
Mirafra affinis* (874) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Red-winged Bush-Lark |
Mirafra erythropetra (877) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Ashy-crowned Sparrow- |
Eremopterix gdsea* (878) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Lark |
||||||
|
Rufous-tailed Lark |
Ammomanes phoenicurus (882) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Greater Short4oed Lark |
Calandrella brachydactyla (886) |
R |
WM |
|||
|
Sykes's Lark |
Galerida deva (902) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Eastern Skylark |
Alauda gulgula (907) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Hirundinidae |
||||||
|
Dusky Crag-Martin |
Hirundo concolor (914) |
C |
Res? |
|||
|
Barn Swallow |
Hirundo rustica (916) |
C |
WM |
|||
|
Wire-tailed Swallow |
Hirundo smithii (921) |
U C |
SLM |
|||
|
Streak-throated Swallow |
Hirundo fluvicola (922) |
U C |
SLM |
|||
|
Red-rumped Swallow |
Hinindo, daurica* (927) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Laniidae |
||||||
|
Southern Grey Shrike |
Lanius rneridionalis* (933) |
U C |
Res? |
|||
|
Bay-backed Shrike |
Lanius vittatus* (940) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Long4ailed Shrike |
Lanius schach* (947) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Brown Shrike |
Lanius cristatus (949) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Stumidae |
||||||
|
Chestnut-tailed Starling |
Stumus malabaricus (987) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Brahminy Starling |
Stumus pagodarum* (994) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Rosy Starling |
Sturnus roseus (996) |
C |
WM |
|||
|
Common Starling |
Stumus vulgaris (997) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Common Myna |
Acridotheres tristis* (1006) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Jungle Myna |
Acnidotheres fuscus (1010) |
O |
Res? |
|||
|
Corvidae |
||||||
|
Southeastern Treepie |
Dendrocitta vagabunda* (1034) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
House Crow |
Corvus splendens* (1049) |
C |
Res,Br |
|||
|
Jungle Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchos* (1057) |
C |
Res,Br |
|||
|
Eurasian Golden Oriole |
Oriolus oriolus* (953) |
C |
Res,Br |
|||
|
Black-naped Oriole |
Oriolus chinensis (954) |
R |
SLM |
|||
|
Black-hooded Oriole |
Oriolus xanthomus* (959) |
C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Black Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus* (963) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Ashy Drongo |
Dicurus leucophaeus* (965) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
White-bellied Drongo |
Dicrurus caerulescens* (967) |
C |
Res,Br |
|||
|
Bronzed Drongo |
Dicrurus aeneus(971) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Spangled Drongo |
Dicrurus hottentottus (973) |
U C |
Res, Br?. |
|||
|
Greater Racket-tailed |
Dicrurus paradiseus (976) |
U C |
SLM |
|||
|
Drongo |
||||||
|
Ashy Wood-swallow |
Artamus fuscus* (982) |
C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Lesser Wood Shrike |
Tephrodomis pondicerianus*(1070) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Large Cuckoo-Shrike |
Coracina macei* (1072) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Black-headed |
Coradna melanoptera (1079) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Cuckoo-shrike |
||||||
|
Scarlet Minivet |
Pericrocotus flammeus (1081) |
O |
SLM |
|||
|
Small Minivet |
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus* (1093) |
C |
Res, Br. |
|||
|
Whitebellied Minivet |
Pericrocotus erythropygius*(1096) |
O |
Res? |
|||
|
Irenidae |
||||||
|
Common lora |
Aegkhinia tiphia* (1099) |
C |
Res,Br |
|||
|
Goldfronted Chloropsis |
Chloropsis aurifrons (1104) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Goldmantled Chloropsis |
Chloropsis cochinchinensis*(1107) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Pycnonotidae |
||||||
|
Red-whiskered Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jacosus (1121) |
O |
SLM |
|||
|
Red-vented Bulbul |
Pycnonotus cafer* (1128) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Yellow-throated Bulbul |
Pycnonotus xantholaemus(1135) |
O |
Res, B? |
|||
|
White browed Bulbul |
Pycnonotus luteolus (1138) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Yellow-browed Bulbul |
Lole indica (1144) |
R |
SLM |
|||
|
Cisticolidae |
||||||
|
Zitting Cisticola |
Cisticola juncidis* (1498) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Grey-breasted Prinia |
Prinia hodgsonii (1503) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Plain Prinia |
Prinia inomata (11511) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Ashy Prinia |
Prinia socialis* (1517) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Jungle Prinia |
Pninia sylvatica (1521) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Muscicapidae |
||||||
|
Spotted Babbler |
Pellorneum ruficeps (1154) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Indian Scimitar Babbler |
Pomatorhinus horsfieldii*(1173) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Rufous-bellied Babbler |
Dumetia hyperythra* (1222) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Yellow-eyed Babbler |
Chrysomma sinense (11231) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Common Babbler |
Turdoides caudatus* (1254) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Large Grey Babbler |
Turdoides malcolmi (1258) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Jungle Babbler |
Turdoides straitus* (1262) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
White-headed Babbler |
Turdoides affinis* (1267) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Quaker Babbler |
Alcippe poioicephala (11389) |
U C |
Res? |
|||
|
Brown Flycatcher |
Muscicapa dauurica* (1407) |
U C |
W M |
|||
|
Brown-breasted |
Muscicapa muttui* (11408) |
O |
W M |
|||
|
Flycatcher |
||||||
|
Red-breasted Flycatcher |
Ficedula parva* (1411) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Little Pied Flycatcher |
Ficedula westermanni (1419) |
R |
V |
|||
|
White-browed Blue |
Muscicapa superciliaris (1421) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Flycatcher |
||||||
|
Tickell's Blue Flycatcher |
Cyornis tickelliae* (1442) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Verditer Flycatcher |
Eumyias thalassina (1445) |
U C |
W M |
|||
|
Grey-headed Flycatcher |
Culicicapa ceylonensis (1449) |
U C |
W M |
|||
|
White-browed Fantail |
Rhipidura aureola* (1452) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Flycatcher |
||||||
|
White-throated Fantail |
Rhipidura albicollis* (1458) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Flycatcher |
||||||
|
Paradise Flycatcher |
Terpsiphone paradisi* (1461) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Black-naped Flycatcher |
Hypothymis azurea (1465) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Bluethroat |
Luscinia svecicus (11644) |
O |
WIVI |
|||
|
Oriental Magpie-Robin |
Copsychus saularis* (1661) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
White-rumped Shama |
Copsychus malabaricus (11665) |
O |
Res? |
|||
|
Black Redstart |
Phoenicurus ochruros* (1672) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Common Stone-chat |
Saxicola torquata* (1697) |
U C |
W M |
|||
|
Pied Bush-chat |
Saxicola caprata* (1701) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Indian Robin |
Saxicoloides fulicata* (1719) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Blue Rock Thrush |
Monticola solftafius (1726) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Orange-headed Thrush |
Zoothera ckfina (1734) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Eurasian Blackbird |
Turdus merula (1753) |
U C |
SLM |
|||
|
Sylviidae |
||||||
|
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius* (1535) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Clamorous Reed |
Acrocephalus stentoreus(1550) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Warbler |
||||||
|
Blyth's Reed-Warbler |
Acrocephalus dumetorum(1556) |
C |
WM |
|||
|
Booted Warbler |
Hippolais caligata (1563) |
C |
WM |
|||
|
Orphean Warbler |
Sylvia hortensis (1565) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Lesser Whitethroat |
Sylvia curruca (1567) |
U C |
W M |
|||
|
Hume's Lesser |
Sylvia (curruca) althaea (1570) |
O |
W M |
|||
|
White-throat |
||||||
|
Tickell's Leaf-Warbler |
Phylloscopus affinis (1579) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Hume's Warbler |
Phyfloscopus humei (1590) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Large-billed Leaf-Warbler |
Phyllospus magnirostris*(1601) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Greenish Warbler |
Phyfloscopus trochiloides (1604) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Western Crowned Leaf |
Phylloscopus occipitalis (1606) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Warbler |
||||||
|
Paridae |
||||||
|
Great Tit |
Parus major* (1795) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Yellow-lored Yellow Tit |
Panis xanthogenys* (1810) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Sittidae |
||||||
|
Velvet-fronted Nuthatch |
Sitta frontalis* (1838) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Passeridae |
||||||
|
Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni (1852) |
O |
W M |
|||
|
Tree Pipit |
Anthus frivialis (1854) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Paddyfield Rot |
Anthus rufulus (1859) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Tawny Pipit |
Anthus campestris* (1861) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Blyth's Pipit |
Anthus godlewskii (1863) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Forest Wagtail |
Dendronanthus indica* (1874) |
O |
WM |
|||
|
Yellow Wagtail |
Motacilla flava (1875,1876) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
Citrine Wagtail |
Motacilla citreola (1881) |
R |
WM |
|||
|
Grey Wagtail |
Motacilla cinerea (1884) |
U C |
WM |
|||
|
White Wagtail |
Motacilla alba (1885) |
C |
WM |
|||
|
Large Pied Wagtail |
Motaciala maderaspatensis*(1891) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
House Sparrow |
Passer domesticus* (1938) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Chestnut-shouldered |
Petronia xanthocollis* (1949) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Petronia |
||||||
|
Baya Weaver |
Ploceus philippinus* (1957) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Plain Munia |
Lonchura malabarica* (1966) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
White-rumped Munia |
Lonchura striata (1968) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Scaly-breasted Munia |
Lonchura punctulata* (1974) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Black-headed Munia |
Lonchura malacca(1978) |
U C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Nectariniidae |
||||||
|
Thick-billed Flowerpecker |
Dicaeum agile* (1892) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Tickell's Flowerpecker |
Dicaeum erythrorhynchos* (1899) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Purple-rumped Sunbird |
Nectarinia zeylonica* (1907) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Loten's Sunbird |
Nectarinia lotenie (1911) |
U C |
Res, Br? |
|||
|
Purple Sunbird |
Nectarinia asiatica* (1917) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
|
Zosteropiclae |
||||||
|
Oriental White-eye |
Zosterops palpebrosus* (1934) |
C |
Res, Br |
|||
Abn- Abundance
C - Common; UC - Uncommon; 0 - Occasional; R - Rare
Res - Resident; Br - Breeding; SLM - Seasonal Local Migrant; LM - Local
Migrant; WM - Winter Migrant; V - Vagrant; ? - Probable status
* species recorded by Dr. Salim Ali during Hyderabad State Ornithological Survey,
1931-32; numbers in parentheses are Synopsis reference number of Ripley (1982).
Source: Zoos' Print Journal, Vol. 17, No. 1, January 2002